Episodic Memories and Their Relevance for Psychoactive Drug Use and Addiction
نویسنده
چکیده
The majority of adult people in western societies regularly consume psychoactive drugs. While this consumption is integrated in everyday life activities and controlled in most consumers, it may escalate and result in drug addiction. Non-addicted drug use requires the systematic establishment of highly organized behaviors, such as drug-seeking and -taking. While a significant role for classical and instrumental learning processes is well established in drug use and abuse, declarative drug memories have largely been neglected in research. Episodic memories are an important part of the declarative memories. Here a role of episodic drug memories in the establishment of non-addicted drug use and its transition to addiction is suggested. In relation to psychoactive drug consumption, episodic drug memories are formed when a person prepares for consumption, when the drug is consumed and, most important, when acute effects, withdrawal, craving, and relapse are experienced. Episodic drug memories are one-trial memories with emotional components that can be much stronger than "normal" episodic memories. Their establishment coincides with drug-induced neuronal activation and plasticity. These memories may be highly extinction resistant and influence psychoactive drug consumption, in particular during initial establishment and at the transition to "drug instrumentalization." In that, understanding how addictive drugs interact with episodic memory circuits in the brain may provide crucial information for how drug use and addiction are established.
منابع مشابه
Educational Needs of Staff to Prevent and Control the Use of Drugs and Psychedelics in Prison: A Qualitative Study
Objective: The current study aimed to identify the educational needs of prison staff in the field of drugs and psychedelics. Method: The research was applied-exploratory with a case study approach. The statistical sample was in 4 prisons in Tehran, including experts and heads of prisons (N=11) and the deputies and specialist (N=52) separated by job field that were selected purposefully and sno...
متن کاملReconsolidation of human memory: brain mechanisms and clinical relevance.
The processes of memory formation and storage are complex and highly dynamic. Once memories are consolidated, they are not necessarily fixed but can be changed long after storage. In particular, seemingly stable memories may re-enter an unstable state when they are retrieved, from which they must be re-stabilized during a process known as reconsolidation. During reconsolidation, memories are su...
متن کاملروشهای پیشگیری از اعتیاد و نقش مدیریت شهری در عرصه پیشگیری
Addiction to drugs and psychoactive drug in the society, especially among young people, is one of the country's complex social problems. The fight against the drug enforcement programs to prevent of damage and immune of families, business and educational environments and local districts is located as national strategic documents and future programs in the development programs. Addiction phenome...
متن کاملPrevalence of Bad Habits Among Juvenile Convicts
Objectives: This study was done to assess the spread of bad habits among juvenile convicts and determine the motives for use and the consequences of addiction. Methods: This study was descriptive and carried out at the Federal State Healthcare Institution. The study group included 106 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Sample selection was based on a multi-stage sampling method. The research too...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 7 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013